Внутриплевральная аналгезия при дренаже в плевр-й полости

[Евгений Хоменко]

The use of intrapleural anaesthetic to reduce the pain of chest drain insertion

* Report By: Gabby May
* Search checked by Tom Bartrum - SpR in Emergency Medicine
* Institution: Manchester Royal Infirmary
* Date Submitted: 7th September 2006
* Date Completed: 20th April 2007
* Last Modified: 16th May 2007
* Status: Green: complete Green (complete)

Three Part Question
After insertion of a chest drain does the use of local anaesthetic down the drain reduce patient's pain?

Clinical Scenario
A 25 year old chap with a history of spontaneous pneumothorax presents to the ED with a further large pneumothorax. Unfortunately, attempted aspiration fails due to a permanent leak, and he requires an intercostal drain. He has had a chest drain inserted in the past and admits that it was very painful whilst the drain was in situ. You wonder whether administration of local anaesthetic down the tube would provide good analgesia, and decrease the need for oral/iv meds.

Search Strategy
MEDLINE OVID INTERFACE 1966 - Aug 2006
exp anesthetics, local/ OR local anaesth$.mp. OR exp lignocaine/ OR bupivicaine.mp. OR marcain.mp. OR lignocaine.mp. OR lidocaine.mp. OR exp lidocaine/ OR (local adj5 anaesthetic).mp. AND chest drain.mp. OR intercostal drain.mp. OR chest tube.mp. OR exp chest tubes/ OR exp drainage/ OR exp thoracostomy/ limit to english and humans

Search Outcome
190 articles found, 2 relevant
Relevant Paper(s) - Engdahl et al Feb 1993 Sweden - 22 patients with indwelling chest drains - 8 hourly boluses of 20ml interpleural bupivicaine with 0.5% adrenaline, compared with placebo - visual analogue scale scores compared Randomised double blind trial.

Comment(s)
Patients with indwelling chest drains may have severe pain and require oral or intravenous analgesia including opiates. There has been much research on the use of intrapleural analgesia after chest trauma and thoracostomy, but only one study which looks at the use of intrapleural analgesia solely for the relief of pain from the indwelling drain. Although the number of patients is small, it seems to suggest that there may be a role for intrapleural analgesia in this subset of patients. No side effects of treament were noted. The biggest benefit of intrapleural bupivicaine seems to be gained with its early introduction, and also if it is given regularly, at least every 4 h, due to its short half life. Oral analgesia should still be given to these patients. Better pain relief in this group of patients would also be beneficial, as it would improve the patients's ablility to cough and deep breathe, and thus reduce the number of secondary chest infections.

Clinical Bottom Line
Intrapleural bupivicaine should be considered in patients who have chest drains inserted, in addition to regular oral/parenteral analgesia.
References

1. Engdahl et al Interpleural bupivicaine for analgesia during chest drainage treatment for pneumothorax. A randomised double blind study. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 37(2):149-53, 1993 Feb