Alexey Dyachkov писал(а):Вот и ответы:
#3. Correct Answer: C. The Univent tube may be helpful for cases in which changing the double-lumen tube to a single lumen tube may be difficult (e.g., following bilateral lung transplant). It is a single lumen endotracheal tube with a movable endobronchial blocker. The bronchial blocker technique can be useful in achieving selective ventilation in adults and in children younger than 12 years, and it should be placed via bronchoscopic guidance. These tubes are not used very commonly because they are easily displaced.
Здесь бы я поспорил, т.к. билатеральная трансплантация подразумевает последовательное удаление и пересадку легкого, в случае с удалением правого легкого эндобронхиальный блокер в ПГБ может легко сместиться создав проблему, кроме того он может мешать при формировании бронхиального анастомоза, плюс невозможно селективно санировать и раздувать донорское легкое. Рекомендуется интубация левосторонней двухпросветной трубкой, т.к. ЛГБ длиннее и бронхиальный конец меньше будет мешать при формировании бронхиального анастомоза.
New:
#1. Which of the following statements about post–cardiac transplant patients is/are TRUE?
1. They are better able to increase heart rate than stroke volume.
2. Their resting stroke volume tends to be 50–60% of normal volume.
3. They are insensitive to circulating catecholamines.
4. They are preload dependent.
Choose A if 1, 2, and 3 are correct; B if 1 and 3; C if 2 and 4; D if 4; and E if all.
D.
#2. Regarding lung volume reduction surgery, all of the following are true EXCEPT:
A. This procedure is necessary in patients with end-stage emphysema.
B. Ventilation can usually be decreased after the chest is open.
C. Nitrous oxide should be avoided.
D. Pneumothorax may be difficult to diagnose.
E. Patients have a greater amount of functional lung tissue after surgery.
C.
#3. In patients presenting for vascular surgery, the incidence of significant coronary artery disease (stenosis >70%) detected by angiography in patients without any clinical symptoms of coronary stenosis is:
A. <1%
B. 11%
C. 37%
D. 78%
E. nearly universal
B.
#4. For patients undergoing vascular surgery, when is myocardial ischemia most likely to occur?
A. Preoperatively
B. During the induction of anesthesia
C. Intraoperatively, prior to revascularization
D. In the immediate postoperative period
E. 48–72 Hours postoperatively
D.
#5. Coronary sinus drainage includes all of the following EXCEPT:
A. great cardiac vein
B. middle cardiac vein
C. thebesian veins
D. posterior left ventricular vein
E. oblique vein of Marshall
C.